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~ Pyrotechnic Formulas ~
Chapter 5:
Smoke Compositions
White smoke
Source: "Mengen en Roeren"[6], page
224.
Comments:
Preparation:
Potassium nitrate.................................4
Charcoal..........................................5
Sulfur............................................10
Wood dust.........................................3
Red smoke
Source: "Mengen en Roeren"[6], page
224.
Comments:
Preparation:
Potassium chlorate................................15
para-nitroaniline red.............................65
Lactose...........................................20
Green smoke
Source: "Mengen en Roeren"[6], page
224.
Comments:
Preparation:
Synthetic indigo..................................26
Auramine (yellow).................................15
Potassium chlorate................................35
Lactose...........................................26
Smoke composition #1
Source: rec.pyrotechnics
Comments: Different sources mention differnt
compositions. The most often mentioned one is given
here.
Preparation: The mixture is most succesfull when
prepared by melting the sugar and potassium nitrate
together on low heat, but this requires good stirring,
and there is a risk of accidential ignition. The molten
mixture can be poured in cardboard containers and a
fuse insterted while the mixture solidifies.
Potassium nitrate.................................50
Sugar.............................................50
Smoke composition #2
Source: rec.pyrotechnics (composition is an U.S.
military smoke composition)
Comments: The mixture is difficult to ignite.
Hexachloroethane is poisonous, and can be replaced by
72 parts PVC. This, however, makes the mixture yet harder
to ignite. The zinc oxide can be replaced by titanium
dioxide (2 parts ZnO replaced by 1 part TiO2). The smoke
is slightly irritating and not suitable for indoor use.
Preparation:
Zinc oxide........................................45
Hexachloroethane..................................45
Aluminum..........................................10
Smoke composition #3
Source: "Spelen met vuur"[9]
Comments:
Preparation:
Zinc powder.......................................35
CCl4..............................................41
Zinc oxide........................................20
Diatomeous earth..................................5
Smoke composition #4
Source: "Spelen met vuur"[9]
Comments:
Preparation:
Zinc powder.......................................25
CCl4..............................................50
Zinc oxide........................................20
Diatomeous earth..................................5
Smoke composition #5
Source: Kirk-Otthmer technical encyclopedia[8],
chapter 'Explosives and Propellants'.
Comments: Heat of reaction: 2.579 kJ/g, Gas volume:
62 cm3/g, ignition temperature: 475°C, impact sensitivity
test: 15% of TNT
Preparation:
Zinc..............................................69
Potassium perchlorate.............................19
Hexachlorobenzene.................................12
Colored
smokes
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Shimizu
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Pihko
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Shimizu
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Shimizu
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Pihko
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Shimizu
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Shimizu
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Shimizu
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Pihko
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Faber
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color
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Blue
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Blue
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Green
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Red
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Red
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Violet
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Yellow
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Yellow
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Yellow
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Brown
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Potassium
chlorate
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28
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33
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28
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25
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24
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26
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24
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Potassium
nitrate
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25
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43
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47.4
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Sulfur
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16
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10
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3.9
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Realgar
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59
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37
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Wheat
flour
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15
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15
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15
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15
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Lactose
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25
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16
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16
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Quinoline
Yellow
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43
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Rhodamine
B
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24
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40
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16
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Para
Red
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36
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21
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Methylene
Blue
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17
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17
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Phthalo
Blue
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40
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Indigo
Pure
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40
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30
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22
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Auramine
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10
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Charcoal
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4
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Sand
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4
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Calcium
carbonate
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4.9
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Borax
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10.6
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Pitch
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29.2
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Sodium
bicarbonate
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4
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6
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Dextrin
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2
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2
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6
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2
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White smokes
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Shidlovsky
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Becher
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Lancaster
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Shimizu
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Shimizu
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Shimizu
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Potassium
chlorate
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20
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40
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29
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Potassium
nitrate
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48.5
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66
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Ammonium
chloride
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50
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45
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Hexachloroethane
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50
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Zinc
powder
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28
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Zinc
oxide
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22
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Sulfur
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48.5
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Realgar
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3
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13
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Naphthalene
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20
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Montan
wax
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12
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Kieselguhr
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3
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Charcoal
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10
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5
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Lampblack
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5
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Cinnamic
acid
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27
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Lactose
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29
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Kaolin
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15
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Dextrin
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11
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Grey smokes
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Izzo
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Ellern
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Potassium
nitrate
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10
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Hexachloroethane
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50
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45.5
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Zinc
powder
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25
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Zinc
oxide
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10
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45.5
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Calcium
silicide
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9
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Colophony
resin
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5
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Black smokes
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Lancaster
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Lancaster
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Shimizu
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Shimizu
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Shimizu
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Shimizu
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Shimizu
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Potassium
perchlorate
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56
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57
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Potassium
chlorate
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44
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Potassium
nitrate | | 
